Spring 的组合注解功能,网上有很多文章介绍,不过都是介绍其使用方法,鲜有其原理解析。
组合注解并非 Java 的原生能力。就是说,想通过用「注解A」来注解「注解B」,再用「注解B」 来注解 C(类或方法),就能够使 C 同时拥有「注解A」和「注解B」是行不通的。
示例如下:
先定义注解 SuperAnno:
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SuperAnno {
}
再定义注解 SubAnno,并使用 SuperAnno 注解 SubAnno:
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@SuperAnno
@SomeAnno
public @interface SubAnno {
}
定义 Test,使用 SubAnno 注解 Test:
@SubAnno
public class Test {
}
测试一下,看看我们能不能拿到 Test 的 SuperAnno 注解:
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// write your code here
Test test = new Test();
Class> cl = test.getClass();
Annotation[] annotations = cl.getAnnotations();
for(Annotation annotation: annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation.annotationType());
}
}
}
打印出来的结果为:
interface com.company.SubAnno
唔,SuperAnno 没有出现。
怎么拿到合并的注解呢?
核心的思路就是拿到注解后,递归获取其上的注解,见下例:
import javax.annotation.*;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Main {
private ArrayList
public static void main(String[] args) {
// write your code here
Test test = new Test();
Class> cl = test.getClass();
Main main = new Main();
main.getAnnos(cl);
for(Annotation anno: main.annos) {
System.out.println(anno.annotationType());
}
}
private void getAnnos(Class> cl) {
Annotation[] annotations = cl.getAnnotations();
for(Annotation annotation: annotations) {
if (annotation.annotationType() != Deprecated.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != SuppressWarnings.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Override.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != PostConstruct.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != PreDestroy.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Resource.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Resources.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Generated.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Target.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Retention.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Documented.class &&
annotation.annotationType() != Inherited.class
) {
annos.add(annotation);
getAnnos(annotation.annotationType());
}
}
}
}